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Biology 337: Divisions ( Glossary \| Divisions )
Taken Spring 2005, with Dr. Plant. Information here is based primarily upon notes from class but some from external sources like the web.

Hepatophyta	Anthocerophyta	Bryophyta	Psilotophyta	Lycophyta
Sphenophyta	Pterophyta	Rhyniophyta	Zosterophyllophyta	Trimerophytophyta
Cycadophyta	Gingkophyta	Coniferophyta

age	.
division-name	Hepatophyta
evolution	.
gametophyte	.
habit	.
leaves	no true leaves. Thallus looks like leaves. Upper layers of Thallus contain chloroplants and pores.
life-cycle	Homosporous Unisexual gametophytes dominates life-cycle. Antheridia are embedded at in an elevated structure called antheridiopore which also serves as a splash cup to distribute biflagellated sperm. Archegoniophore are located in similar elevated umbrella-like structures but archegonium are found on the underside of head. The archegonium is similar to most others in which there is a venter that contains the egg and an extended neck that sperm swim into to reach the egg. After fertilization, the embryo will grow within the archegonium and the venter will enlarge and become a calyptra. The embryo will develop into a structure which contains a foot that attaches it to the the gametangia via a stalk-like seta. The spores are contained within a capsule called a sporangium. Within the sporangium there will be spores and elaters. Elaters will behave like springs upon dihissing and eject spores into the air. Asexual reproduction is possible too via fragmentation or gemma cups.
links	Nonvascular Seedless Plants Marchantia Life Cycle Handy quick reference
members	liverworts (Marchantia)
rhizome	.
roots	Lower surface of Thallus has rhizoids and scales which are not used for nutrient and resource acquisition but attachment.
sporangia	.
stems	unbranched
stomata	.
traits	.
vascular-system	None. H20, CO2 absorbed across surface

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